What is the primary role of the placenta during pregnancy?

The primary role of the placenta during pregnancy is to provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and remove waste products. The placenta acts as an interface between the mother and developing fetus, facilitating the exchange of essential substances. It allows for oxygen and nutrients from the maternal bloodstream to be delivered to the fetus while simultaneously removing carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the fetal circulation. This critical function supports fetal growth and development throughout pregnancy.

While the placenta does produce hormones that play a role in maintaining pregnancy and supporting fetal health, that function is secondary to its primary responsibility for nutrient and waste exchange. Additionally, it does not serve as a regulator of maternal blood pressure or a storage site for excess nutrients in a significant manner compared to its more critical role in direct fetal support. Understanding the placenta's central task of nutrient and waste management underscores its importance in ensuring the health and development of the fetus during gestation.